The main body of this paper contains 3 sections: Various options exist for estimating standard errors. The survey sample design – for example, any stratification or clustering used The variability in the population of the characteristic of interest – when measuring a more variable characteristic, standard errors will be larger The survey sample size – a larger sample size will reduce standard errors Social survey standard errors are typically influenced by a number of factors: They are useful in their own right, as a measure of statistical accuracy and can also be used to calculate confidence intervals and coefficients of variation. They describe sampling variability – the variability in estimates caused by the fact that we have taken a sample of a population rather than a census. ![]() Standard errors are a widely-used measure of the precision of survey estimates. ![]() This paper is designed to assist users of the Office for National Statistics’s (ONS’s) social survey data in calculating standard errors.
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